Racial Profiling Essay

Racial profiling is one of the most accurate problems going on in modern society. Racial profiling is caused when there are arrests, frisks, or others based only by the race of the suspect instead of any suspicion of their behavior. Quite a few police officers and people in power feel that racial profiling is a smart choice and continue to do so. Having safety and knowing police officers are arresting criminals is a great thing. However, police officers are only targeting people with dark skin the most. Dan White argues that since Blacks and Hispanics are the two top races shown in arrest statistics and targeting them is a smart business move. Whites assertion that racial profiling is a smart thing to do is unacceptable because some Hispanics and Blacks are being frisked and arrested when they are innocent people, they get judged by their skin color, and police have no right to keep a better watch on these two races than any other race. Racial profiling is wrong because Hispanics and Blacks are getting frisked and arrested when some are innocent and didn’t do anything wrong. According to Ayres, â€Å"†¦They were 42.3% less likely to be found with a weapon after they were frisked† (1). African Americans who have been frisked are less likely to have a weapon. Police officers are doing a poor job by only targeting Blacks because of their skin color. Therefore, police officers are proving that they only frisking innocent people because they have darker skin. Police officers are pulling over Hispanics and Blacks because they are judging them by their skin color. Bob Herbert stated, â€Å"No people of color are safe from this treatment anywhere, regardless of their obedience to the law, their age, they type of care they drive, or their situation in life† (2). People who are dark skinned have no way out of suspicion to police officers no matter if they look wealthy, young, or old. Police would atomically think a Black or Hispanic person will intend to commit a crime instead of a Caucasian person. It’s a shame how this goes on because it’s not right that they have to be judged to be the bad person because they are darker. Racial profiling is violating human rights. Everyone has their basic rights and need to be treated equal, but officers who are racist don’t let that happen. John Kifner mentioned, â€Å"It is so commonplace for Black men to be pulled over in their vehicles that this practice has acquired its own acronym: D.W.B. (Driving While Black)† (2). Black people get pulled over constantly it has its own descriptor as D.W.B. This is ridiculous how it has its own word form. Skin color has become evidence ability to commit crime. Police use this â€Å"evidence† against minority drivers on the road all the time. Police should not be allowed to only keep a good eye out on Hispanics and Blacks. Ayres asserted, â€Å"Stopped Blacks are 76% more likely to be searched, and stopped Latinos are 32% more likely to be searched than stopped whites† (1). African Americans and Latinos are more likely to be searched than white people. Officers are only looking for these two ethnic groups because to them they are officially the â€Å"bad guys†. In their eyes they are the criminals and are asking for trouble. As a result, people with power have proven that they want racial profiling to continue happening. Racial profiling should be unsupportable because these two ethnic groups get frisked and arrested when they are above suspicion, they are getting judged by their skin color, and police shouldn’t only watch them more carefully than any other race. It’s not right for a Black or Hispanic person to get blamed in a serious situation of something they might not been involved with in the first place. Everyone should be treated the same, no one has the right to think lower of a person because they have darker skin. Race and location are the foremost characteristic authorities look at when they are engaging this type of profiling. Police officers need to do their job appropriately and lookout for the people that are actually committing a crime or disobeying a law. Racial profiling has been going on for such a long time and it will always be wrong. People with power could deny the reality of racial profiling but they know that they are being racist and keep on doing it. They could be missing out on genuinely catching a criminal from another race because sadly they have their attention on a Hispanic or Black people.

Scalia vs. Breyer: Differences in Constitution and Statutory Construction

Justice Scalia’s decision-making process could be summed up in two words: text and tradition. Scalia is wary of any departure from the original meaning of the Constitution’s text, strongly criticizing Supreme Court decisions that he believes demonstrate an activist judiciary rather than a neutral decision-making branch of a democracy. Scalia â€Å"argues that primacy must be accorded to the text, structure, and history of the document being interpreted and that the job of the judge is to apply either the clear textual language of the Constitution or statute if the text is ambiguous, yielding several conflicting interpretations, Scalia turns to the specific legal tradition flowing from that text to what it meant to the society that adopted it.In the case of Schwarzenegger v Entertainment Merchants Association, Justice Scalia will most likely find that California’s law to censor patently offensive video games for minors is unconstitutional, and reject Californiaâ €™s assertion that the court should use a new Ginsberg standard rather than the strict scrutiny standard when evaluating the Bill in dispute, because his textualist approach would be highly inhospitable to California’s arguments.On the other hand, Stephen Breyer promotes a highly specialized Constitutional philosophy known as the living constitution or evolutionist approach. In his book Active Liberty, he illustrates this approach to constitutional interpretation, which focuses primarily on making America’s experiment in democracy functional by giving a voice to the people through the collective opinions and judgments of the nine unelected Justices of the Supreme Court.The notion of active liberty allows not only a democratic boost of power to American citizens by giving their convictions influence over judges’ interpretation of the Constitution, but also focuses practically on the consequences that rulings have for the American people and their ability to e ngage in democratic self-governance. Additionally, Breyer defends The Living Constitution approach and adds a new theoretical framework to propel the evolution of Constitutional interpretation a democratically-minded approach when interpreting a legal text will yield better law; law that helps a community of individuals democratically find practical solutions to important contemporary problems.

Probation and Life in Prison Essay

Probation In the early days of our country, severe punishments were often meted out with little regard to the seriousness of the offense. There was no such thing as being sentenced to probation in the 18th century. The concept of probation, or giving a convicted criminal a chance to redeem himself without serving time in prison, was first introduced in 1841 by John Augustus. In August of that year, Augustus decided to try a radical approach with a man convicted of being drunk and disorderly. The man swore to Augustus that he would change his ways if only he did not have to serve time in the House of Correction. Augustus believed the man and he posted bail. Augustus went on to help others in the same fashion and eventually became regarded â€Å"a private angel and guardian of men convicted of crime† (Friedman, 1993, 162). Massachusetts was the first state to formally recognize this option in criminal sentencing in 1878 with the remaining states following suit throughout the rest of the century and onto into the early part of the 1900’s. It would take some fine-tuning to bring probation up to its current standards. Early probation officers enjoyed no formal training and many states were without prerequisites for passing this form of sentencing. In the early years, probation was often given in exchange for a guilty plea most often to married men, those who held jobs and exhibited no apparent vices. Judges used the sentence of probation prodigiously for several decades. It was only in the 1980’s, when the public clamored for stiffer penalties, that probation lost favor. In 1986, only 28% of male felony defendants were awarded probation as compared to nearly half of those convicted in 1970 (Friedman, 1993, 409). Probation initially became popular as the thrust of the legal system shifted from focusing on the â€Å"what† (the crime) to the â€Å"who† (the criminal) and how to best reform the offender (Friedman, 1993, 168). More recently, the focus has become a bit more equally fixed on both preventing the crime and rehabilitation of the criminal. Today, offenders on probation are closely monitored by correctional officers through surveillance in the community. Often, some sort of restitution is also involved with the goal of making the offender accountable and responsible in order to rejoin the community without potential further risk (Jones, 2). This option allows the offender to serve a sentence under â€Å"house arrest† and maintain a job rather than be integrated into the prison system, which is already strained to its limit. The level of supervision varies based on the crime committed. For those convicted of drug charges, a more constant monitoring system is used, often electronic. Another alternative is to use a â€Å"combination of prison time and work release/community service† (Jones, 3). Probation is often used as a condition of plea bargaining for a lesser sentence in exchange for information or a guilty plea. Plea bargaining came about as a quick, and cheap way, to move defendants through the legal system and probation helps to keep minor criminals out of jail. The concept of probation has evolved in many ways since its inception in the 1800’s but it still incorporates the integral idea of giving a convicted criminal a degree of trust. Prison Life: Comparison and Contrast with Life in General Society According to the dictionary, the definition of a prison is â€Å"A place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention, especially persons convicted of crimes; a place or condition of confinement or forcible restraint or a state of imprisonment or captivity.† Prisons first came about as a means of correctional punishment. In colonial times, punishment was often a way to shame the criminal in public; putting someone in prison did not have the same effect as putting him or her out in public view to submit to shame and scorn. When prison was used for sentencing, jail terms were generally short and in most cases less than 30 days. It was not until the 1800’s that prisons were built in more abundance and courts used them for sentencing on a regular basis. Today prison systems vary widely according to level of security and the state in which they are located. The aim of each and every one is still the same, however, and that is to deprive a convicted criminal of freedom. For a prisoner there is no freedom of choice. He is told when to wake up in the morning, when it is meal time, when to work, when to exercise, when to go to bed. There are no food choices or menus and the prisoner must either eat what is given him or go hungry. No comforts of home await him in his cell; the prisoner is lucky to be able to have a selection of books and perhaps a photo or two to keep him company. At night, lights are turned off at a particular time. Cell checks can be performed at any time of night or day. There is no privacy for bathing or bodily functions. The prisoner is unable to have any items that are not approved by the system. He also has no choice regarding a cell mate unless undue violence forces a cell change. Most prisons do not allow televisions or even radios as forms of entertainment; even when they are allowed there is no satellite or cable attached and no choice of programming. The work program is enforced in many prisons with prisoners being allocated to do jobs that benefit the community or provide food or clothing for the system. Any â€Å"luxury† items must be earned and paid for with pitifully low wages. In comparison, life in general society is full of choices. As a free citizen, people in this country are allowed to choose where they live, where they work, what they eat and what they do. There are no proscribed times in which they are forced to do anything and if they are unhappy at their job, they are allowed to quit and find work elsewhere. The times in which free citizens awaken in the morning and go to bed at night are at their own discretion; if someone wishes to never turn out the light and stay up all night, he may do so. He has the ability to go out and purchase items at will, as needed or desired. The private citizen can choose to live as he wants whether that be in clean or messy surroundings, in a house filled with knick knacks and furniture or a more austere setting. Entertainment options abound. In short, nothing short of illegal activity is prohibited for a free citizen. Whether in prison or out in general society, there are still rules made by our national and state governments to be abided by and morals which govern our actions. In prison it is more closely monitored while in general society citizens do not warrant such close supervision. As well, people in either situation must earn what they have. Loss of freedom is the biggest difference between living in prison or living outside. Contrast and Comparison of Georgia and Florida State Prisons In the Georgia state prison system, the dormitories shown are used for housing groups of prisoners who require minimal security. Rows of bunk beds are stacked two high and furnished with a thin blanket and pillow. A box beneath the bunk is the only place for personal items. The lighting is industrial and the flooring is utilitarian and easy to keep clean. It is surprising that there is a wide expanse of windows. Other than the addition of appliances and counters, the prison kitchen looks much the same as the dormitory. It looks to be well stocked, much as a large commercial kitchen might be furnished. The health intake area is set up like a school room with rows of small wooden desks headed by a larger desk manned by a prison employee. The state of Georgia’s correctional system offers a boot camp, a diversion center, probation detention, and transitional centers in addition to the state prisons. The state runs several farms, which provide all the food for the prisoners incarcerated at the low cost of $1.51 per prisoner per day. The Florida state prisons use a traditional cell configuration built in two stories overlooking a central corridor as well as the dormitory concept. According to the website, most of the Florida correctional facilities use dorm housing. The bunks in these dorms are not stacked but are situated individually in rows. A row of small, high windows lines one wall while fluorescent lighting illuminates the area. Cells house either one or two men and have two cots that pull down from the wall with a thin blanket and pillow on each. There is one small window in the exterior wall and a narrow door. A sink and open toilet are the only other furnishings. Death row cells are even more sparse and small with a total size of 6’ x 9’ x 9.5’. They have no window and a barred entrance. Death row cells are configured for only one person. The majority of inmates in the Florida state correctional system are enrolled in either a substance abuse program, a vocational education or adult education program. They also participate in Prison Rehabilitative Industries and Diversified Enterprises or Prison Industry Enhancement work programs. Inmates also grow some of their own food and both prison systems seem to be doing a good job of keeping food costs down through farming their own vegetables. The two prison systems are similar in their housing set ups. Cells and dormitories are sparse and barren. Both systems require prisoners to be involved in production of the food used within the facilities and offer work programs. Both Florida and Georgia’s state systems offer probation and transitionary facilities. The Florida state correctional system has more programs available and more options for rehabilitation of prisoners. The Georgia system seems to offer more minimal security facilities although they did not have a virtual tour of anything other than dormitories posted on their website and they most certainly house death row inmates. Georgia’s website is set up more for the convenience of family members of those incarcerated while the Florida website focuses more on the hard facts of prison life as a deterrence measure. While both states offer model facilities for incarceration of criminals, neither system looks particularly inviting or homey. References Friedman, Lawrence M (1993). Crime and Punishment in American History. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Jones, Calvin. â€Å"Alternatives to Standard Methods of Incarceration†. Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Retrieved November 8, 2007 from the FDOLE Web site: â€Å"Virtual Prison Tour. Georgia Department of Corrections. Retrieved November 8, 2007 from the GDOC Web site: http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/AboutGDC/VRTour.html.

Gender differences in unionization rates in Canada Research Paper

Gender differences in unionization rates in Canada - Research Paper Example For this reason, there is a need to study the variations that exist in gender rates in unionization in order to understand the underlying causes of why people are joining or leaving unions. This paper looks into detail the variations that has existed in gender unionization rates in Canada and the reasons as to why there exists such variations. This is important as it will ensure that authorities can understand why people are not joining unions by having concrete facts and data at their disposal. The purpose of this study is to understand the gender variations that exists in unionization levels and why the variations exists. The study looks into data from the 1980’s to 2013 and examines the differences and the fluctuations that has existed in unionization rates and explains why there have been such variations. This research paper utilizes information from various governmental and nongovernmental organizations databases. It further looks into different journal articles and books in order to get information regarding unionization rates in Canada. In particular, this research paper utilizes information from Statistics in Canada in the interpretation of the graph. The information from the government databases and journal articles is reliable and consequently the information in this research paper can be described as factual and precise. From the year 1982 to the year 2013, the overall unionization rate in Canada has decreased. The unionization rate is often defined as the proportion of employees that are union members. The number has substantially declined over the years, in this research paper; the trends in unionization rates especially examined under gender will be studied. It is imperative to understand that the decline in unionization in Canada is not a recent phenomenon and in fact, the unionization rate fell through the years 1980’s to the year

EC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

EC - Essay Example The waste is collected on daily basis to the waste recycling site and the necessary recycling activities are carried out. There are a number of benefits that accrue from this recycling facility. For instance, some waste can be recycled to energy therefore, saving and utilizing energy efficiently. Additionally, the program rakes in 200 million pounds annually. The saving made is then invested in other important areas thus reducing the natural resource depletion. The program is also important in that it helps maintain the ecosystem of the institutions. There is no disposal of waste all over the compound which in turn helps maintain the ecosystem. Additionally, having recycling waste promote biodiversity as the environment is used safely giving a chance for the all the species to exist. Some species would be lost if the environment is polluted. Most importantly, waste management ensures there is no pollution of the environment. The waste is collected and assorted, therefore, reducing the chances of pollution. The theme about pollution and climate change has been trending in the last two decades. Integrating environmental good practices will make the institutional more competitive

New Tourism Industry- Wine Tourism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

New Tourism Industry- Wine Tourism - Case Study Example It has been often referred to as India’s Napa Valley. On the outskirts of Nashik is situated the main vineyard of this region, the Sula winery, which has a 35-acre vineyard with a marvelous tasting center, wine bar and a holiday villa set within the estate’s wineries. A guided tour of the Sula winery is a must as it gives a fabulous opportunity to hear the explanation of the complete process of winemaking, from ‘grapes to bottles’ and taste some of Sula’s wines in the tasting room which overlooks the balcony and provides an expansive view of the vineyard (Ross, n.d). They are produced from grapes harvested from Nashik and Dindori estate wineries and also from local contract farmers operating under the expert guidance of the Sula team (The Vineyard, n.d). The varieties of grapes include Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Zinfandel and Merlot along with Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Viognier, and Riesling. They also have a portfolio of imported wines from Au stralia, South Africa, New Zealand, Argentina, and even the wines of the old land, France, and Italy. Besides wines, they also offer Japan’s best beer, Asahi (Sula wines, n.d). The Nashik climate is not only perfect for wine grapes, but was also on par with winegrowing regions in Spain, California, and Australia. The region has a pleasant climate with three different seasons: summers, monsoons, and winters; summers being generally hot with maximum temperatures ranging from 35 to 42 degree Celsius and winters, dry with temperatures hovering around 24-28 degrees Celsius. The best time to visit this region is the harvesting season from January to March when one can participate in wine stomping as well. The Sula wineries are the primary reasons to visit Nashik although there are many other vineyards in this region – Sankalp winery, N. D. winery, and the Vintage Winery estate.

Motivational theory in Management and Administration Essay

Motivational theory in Management and Administration - Essay Example Maslow tries to emphasize that administrate theories are there to fulfill the needs of society. This in essence has been monumental because it fits Maslow’s hierarchal needs. For instance, serving the needs of the citizens that demand a better job manifests itself in Public Administration. When citizens see an incentive in public administration, they are likely to buy in the whole policy process. When basic needs are met as Maslow describes it, people are going to become interested.Douglas McGregor proposed two motivational theories by which managers perceive employees and their motivation. Each theory assumes that management's role is to effectively organize resources. Theory X states to control the lazy and unmotivated individuals while Theory Y is to reward hard working motivation individuals within an organization. Although many organizations find it useful to consider the two extremes of the spectrum that McGregor identified, many also accept that there is also a group of individuals that lie in between.Motivational theory is compatible with government efficiency because of various reasons. First and foremost is the fact that people are highly going to be motivated if they see their needs are being met and the government will continue to invest in them. This is crucial in public policies such as Cash for Clunkers or FAFSA programs. In order to ensure that the public buys into this programs, their needs must be met. Public policy also must be aggressive in facilitating individuals.

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Science - Essay Example Inrecentyears,acompletely new field of technology has developed from advances in the life sciences. Known as biotechnology, it involves such varied activities as genetic engineering, the manipulation of genetic material of cells or organisms, and cloning, the formation of genetically uniform cells, plants, or animals. Although still in its infancy, many scientists believe that biotechnology will play a major role in many fields, including food production, waste disposal, and medicine. Economics may appear to be the study of complicated tables and charts, statistics and numbers, but, more specifically, it is the study of what constitutes rational human behavior in the endeavor to fulfill needs and wants. We can say, therefore, that economics, often referred to as the "dismal science", is a study of certain aspects of society. Adam Smith (1723 - 1790), the "father of modern economics" and author of the famous book "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations", spawned the discipline of economics by trying to understand why some nations prospered while others lagged behind in poverty. Others after him also explored how a nation's allocation of resources affects its wealth. (Investopedia) What is the relevance of studying economics Alfred Marshall enumerated the following as reasons for the study of economics: a. Students need to develop economic ways of thinking and problem solving that they can use in their lives as consumers, savers, entrepreneurs, investors, workers, citizens, and participants in a global economy; b. Economics creates a more vivid understanding of costs and benefits than any other subject; c. Students who do not appreciate the accomplishments of a market economy will not work to preserve it; d. Students must understand economics to become productive members of the workforce; e. The case for economic literacy is the case for democracy itself. If war is too serious to be left to military professionals, economic understanding is too important to be left to economists;. SCIENCE Science is systematicstudyof anything that can be examined, tested, and verified. From its early beginnings, science has developed into one of the greatest and most influential fields of human endeavor. Today different branches of science investigate almost everything that can be observed or detected, and science as a whole shapes the way we understand the universe, our planet, ourselves, and other living things. Foralargepartofrecorded history, science had little bearing on people's everyday lives. Scientific knowledge was gathered for its own sake, and it had few practical applications. Today, science has a profound effect on the way we live, largely through technology-the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Otherfieldsofscience also play an important role in the things we use or consume every day. Research in food technology

Business writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business writing - Essay Example In contrast, external communication refers to the spread of information outside a particular organization (Courtland 4-7). Especially in a personal interview process, verbal and non-verbal communication techniques are extensively used. Verbal or spoken communication technique cannot be fully isolated from other interpersonal skills such as listening. On the other hand, non- verbal communication relies mainly upon eye contact between a sender and a receiver, facial expression, posture along with gesture, personal appearance, time and space (Loewy and Guffey 12-14). THESIS STATEMENT This essay intends to conduct a self-critique writing based upon an interview. In this regard, several aspects such as analyzing the facets of delivery along with speech composition, distinguishing between weak and strong support, diagnosing interviewing problems and depicting proposed remedies will be discussed. CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SPEECH COMPOSTION AND DELIVERY In relation to the mock interview conducted , it can be analyzed that during the interview process, my speech composition was not up to the mark. This can be justified that when the interviewer asked me to tell about myself, I was not very much confident to give her a specific answer. Consequently, as I was not much confident, my eye contact missed a lot. Moreover, during the time of delivering a speech, at certain times, I felt much hesitated to give her with appropriate response. When the interviewer took a time to ask me the next question, in between that time, I looked around here and there, which eventually revealed a negative impression towards the interviewer. When the interviewer asked me the reason for working in her company, I told her that it is my personal interest of doing the job rather than professional interest. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN WEAK AND STRONG SUPPORT One of my strong supports in relation to the mock interview was my polite behavior while communicating with the interviewer. I presented myself quite joyfull y and friendly with the interviewer. Moreover, in relation to the strong support, it can be affirmed that when the interviewer asked me about my strengths along with weaknesses, I was able to provide these information much confidently. On the other hand, relating to the mock interview, my weak support was that I was not properly dressed, which might created a negative impression in front of the interviewer. It can also be viewed from the interview that I was not much confident enough as I looked here and there while asked the questions by the interviewer to me. IDENTIFY UNCLEAR RESPONSES AND IDENTIFY POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS In relation to the conduct of the mock interview, an unclear response can be identified at the time when I asked the interviewer about the future planning of the company. In this regard, one of the possible solutions concerning this unclear response could be asking the interviewer about various job related aspects such as job timing, salary structure and other associa ted questions. DIAGNOSE INTERVIEWING PROBLEMS AND PROPOSE REMEDIES From the mock interview conducted, certain interviewing problems can be apparently observed. In this similar concern, one of the problems was that I was not much confident enough to answer the questions asked by the interviewer. Moreover, the other interviewing problems were identified to be less eye to eye contact and the tone of voice is also quite low. Apart from

Socrates and Plato's Apology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Socrates and Plato's Apology - Essay Example Much of this trial is known through Plato’s Apology (Plato, 2009). Socrates is however, innocent of the charges that are levied against him since his beliefs are a practice of his own philosophy, something that was permitted in ancient Greece, and they accept and celebrate the existence of god and the choice of people to follow him or not. His actions, thus, in no way do any harm to the religious structures of Greece. The right to dissent within certain structures was allowed and it is only this right that Socrates exercises in his life and he upholds this right throughout the trial. According to Plato’s Apology, the reason that Socrates cites for his actions is the declaration of the Oracle at Delphi of his superior wisdom over other people. By making this clear, Socrates makes clear his belief in god. The god who is associated with the Oracle of Delphi, moreover is one that is a part of the Greek pantheon of gods. The Oracle of Delphi was associated with Apollo, the s un-god of the Greek pantheon and a very important figure in the mythology of the Greeks. This would make the charges of Socrates’ atheism baseless. By asserting the wisdom of god and his lack of the same, Socrates is able to prove his innocence when faced with the charges of atheism. Socrates points out to the jury that his quest for knowledge and wisdom was essentially based on his belief in his ignorance. This ignorance presented him with a paradox when viewed in the light of the predictions of the Oracle at Delphi (Plato, 2009). An attempt to solve this paradox does not necessarily constitute an offence against god or the laws of ancient Greece. The ideas that Plato and Socrates held regarding ideas and forms entailed the superiority of what lay in heaven rather than what was present on earth (Plato, 2004). This meant that they did not malign god or question the existence of god. What they did during their lives was to affirm the presence of god in a way that was in a lot of ways, scarcely different from existing perceptions. The charges of atheism that were leveled against them were thus, not true and were based on an incorrect or incomplete understanding of their philosophies and theories. Another aspect of the case against Socrates was the allegation that he corrupted the youth with the power of his ‘sophistry’, which in those days meant a glib manner of talking that was designed to persuade a person to perform certain actions. It also had negative connotations in those times. Sophistry was considered to be the practice of the orators of those times who sought to sway the masses and the jury for their own purposes. Socrates distances himself from such accusations right at the beginning by appealing to the jury to look at not his eloquence but at the truth of his statements. Socrates counters this claim successfully by appealing to the jury to look only at the truth of his statements and not at the manner in which it was communicated. He also points out that the perception of his sophistry was built up as a result of the works of people like Aristophanes who sought to mock him with what he perceived to be cheap attempts at comedy. A brief look at the works of Aristophanes would make it clear that the claims made by Socrates in the trial regarding the attempts of people to paint him and his followers in a negative light are true. The novelty of the ideas that Socrates thought of

Humanities Today Paper Essay Example for Free

Humanities Today Paper Essay Humanities are branches of knowledge that investigate human beings, their culture, and their self-expression. Distinguished from the physical and biological sciences and, sometimes, from the social sciences, the humanities include the study of languages and literatures, the arts, history, and philosophy. The modern conception of the humanities has roots in the classical Greek paideia, a course in general education dating from the fifth century BC that prepared young men for citizenship. Humanities also draw on Ciceros humanitas, a program of training for orators set forth in 55 BC. The Renaissance humanists contrasted studia humanitatis (studies of humanity) with studies of the divine; by the 19th century the distinction was instead drawn between the humanities and the sciences (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2006). The humanities are a group of academic subjects united by a commitment to studying aspects of the human condition and a qualitative approach that generally prevents a single paradigm from coming to define any discipline. The humanities are usually distinguished from the social sciences and the natural sciences and include subjects such as the classics, languages, literature, music, philosophy, the performing arts, religion and the visual arts. Other subjects at times included as humanities in some parts of the world include archaeology, area studies, communications, cultural studies and history, although these are often regarded as social sciences elsewhere (Wikipedia, 2006). Humanity in general is the experience of being human. The experience can be visual, audible or by touch. The philosophy of being human is also the aim within the general perception of humanity, thus separating the commonality understanding humanity from the personal experience of being human. The difference between the visualization of humanity and the practical application of humanity is the understanding of the critical observation of what humanity should be versus what humanity is. The larger interpretation deals with the different disciplines of science, medical and even in psychology. I do not believe that anyone can understand that the present situation globally has anything to do with humanity. For example, I do not believe that killing and raping like in Darfur or in other areas like Iraq  or Iran has anything or needs much explanation if that is also humanity and if it is not, what is it?ArtThe art of painting has been said that the painters soul speaks within the creation of the painting. For example, Leonardo DaVincis painting of Mona Lisa is not proven that Mona Lisa really smiled, yet in the eyes of the soul of Leonardo DaVinci he saw this smile which leads to the conclusion that humanity has a soul which one cannot assume in contrast to an animal. In the style of surrealism, one can make the statement that the soul is talking in a language that only the painter can understand. To finish this topic of art and humanity, it is possible to say that the soul in humanity has many different faces that is only understood by the creator. The harmony or the dis-harmony to be attracted to one or the other like Rubens painting versus Picassos abstracts indicates that the resonance of the viewer is enchanted or dismayed, thus this only shows the uniqueness of the soul. Music Music from the viewpoint of ones understanding of humanity is the rhythm of life. One would find oneself during the day humming this or that tune. One may not know why but one would be expressing the humming as joy. Theoritically one could ask the question, is music also the expression of the soul and if the answer is yes then why does the symphony entice some people but not all? So often one is confronted with the social expression that many people are gathered to be stimulated by the melody rather than the words. Case and point, when men have get togethers they are singing 99 bottles of beer on the wall which has nothing to do with the harmony or the expression of the soul and yet they are happy. Then the men start to come up with all kinds of variations of the song. If music is the expression of humanity or if humanity is the expression of music, then joy is the same. An opera for someone that likes opera, can be very moving in emotions. An overture can also be very moving. There are many people that like overtures and a cello concert and there are many people that like Christina Aguilera, Leonard Cohen or Johnny Cash. One can see as diverse the music, so diverse is humanitys perception of it. ArchitectureThe visualization of an architect to create a structure is based upon the landscape and the scenery that can entice the architect to think  and then create. It would be interesting to understand a child that creates the architecture in the clouds and tells his or her mother to look at the castle in the sky versus an architect that sees the scenery and skillfully builds the castle. That would be the different findings. Throughout history, one has seen different styles of architecture like Roman and Gothic. Roman architecture is round and gothic is more triangular. Looking at Baroque, we see straight lines. All those different architectural styles are the expression of humanity and humanitys evolution. PhilosophyPhilosophy in ones opinion is the most intriguing part of humanity. To ask a question and to not have an answer or not wanting an answer, that is philosophy. Philosophy is the purest of the interpretation of humanities which means that humanities in action is at its best. The progression of thinking. What does it mean when Socrates says, I know that I dont know or Shakepeare in Hamlet who says to be or not to be. With other words, philosophy represents the capabilities of humanities. Literature Humanity and literature go hand-in-hand with the evolution of humans and the different societies. Ancient texts like the Bible and other writings represent the history of humankind as written words where more and more use for communication. As the Bible seems to be the representation of the history of a particular group of people like the Jews, other groups like in the Mesopotamian history became less and less a real representation of history by geographic means. Literature became more poetic. For example the Mesopotamian epic story of Gilgamesh. Throughout the evolution of humankind, technology has changed the socio-economic structure which means from hieroglyphs communicated in clay or stone tablets to the skillfull calligraphy in monasteries and the triumph of the printing press by Gutenberg. Today literature is different because reading a book in the time of internet is almost a sacrilege. In not reading books in the way that it was done in the past, society has almost no time to read complete sentences because literature has also fallen in a trap that unfortunately takes away the thinking which is the hallmark of humanity. Humanity is comprised of many different cultures. Each culture has their own set of rules for humanity. The uniqueness of literature is lost in the complexity of its  many interpretations. Humanities are about being human. The idea is to draw connections between all the various creative movements and influences that exist in a culture at any given moment, as well as how these movements and influences have influenced what has come later and what we are experiencing now. References Encyclopedia Britannica Online (2006). Humanities. Retrieved November 2, 2006 fromhttp://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9367537Fiero, G. (2006). The Humanistic Tradition: The European Renaissance. The Reformationand Global Encounter. Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw-Hill. Robinson, J. (2003). What is Humanities? Retrieved on November 5, 2006 fromhttp://fp.uni.edu/robinsoj/Humanities/WHAT%20IS%20HUMANITIES.htmWikipedia the free encyclopedia (n.d.). Humanities. Retrieved November 1, 2006, fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities

Douglas Stuart and Gordon Essay Example for Free

Douglas Stuart and Gordon Essay People may believe that they do not need any hermeneutical training, but a general reading of the book How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth by Fee and Stuart is essential for Christians who have any inclination towards scripture. The guidelines and rules outlined in the book are very good and some of them are very well developed from the point of view of interpreting and understanding scripture. For the Bible student and the inquiry seekers, the book is an excellent tool for teaching. Douglas Stuart and Gordon Fee have displayed their competencies in making the interpretation of the principles of the Bible available to present day readers. While Gordon Fee is an Old Testament scholar, Douglas Stuart is a student of the New Testament and they have covered in the book matters relating to translations, the legendry genres of poetry, parable, narratives and epistles and the meanings conveyed in the writings that were presented to their original audiences. The authors have shown how the right interpretations require different ways of exegesis as per the literary texts being studied in terms of Wisdom, Apocalypse, law and Wisdom. When considering New Testament Epistles, it is realized upon reading the book that the authors have given excellent advices in saying that the book should be treated as letters. This implies that individuals must read the book several times just as they would read letters from their close ones and then try to understand the meaning conveyed in them. It is very important to understand that the text aims at revealing the concept that the book was written to address a specific audience in order to make them understand the intricacies of Christianity. It is not possible for a reader to be extra subjective in trying to apply the different passages from the scripture to his or her own life particularly when a specific passage does not connote the meaning as believed by the reader. The book has lot of positive components and attributes that make it an excellent piece of reading. It effectively describes the complication and difficulty faced in translation and provides general principles and rules of effective interpretation. It endorses the consideration of the cultural and historical perspective and observes the writing styles and genres used in the books, and also suggests being cautious against any kind of misinterpretations. The authors have presented an easy to understand style which brings forth the art of biblical interpretations within the reach of the normal human being in a way that make the study of the Bible very rewarding and interesting. The book provides recommendation for the use of bible translations, concordances and dictionaries as facilitation to the studies. The back cover has clearly explained about the book, In clear, simple language, it helps you accurately understand the different parts of the Bible—their meaning for ancient audiences and their implications for you today—so you can uncover the inexhaustible worth that is in God’s Word. The authors have exhibited certain negative attributes especially in regard to some specific viewpoints which every reader may not agree with. For example, the material available in Acts and the Epistles was more relevant during the days when the texts were written and is considered a much lesser positive aspect in the viewpoint of King James and New King James Bible. The present day international version of the Bible is known to be much influenced by feminism while the translation versions of the Bible, especially the English Standard Version, are not much influenced by feminism. This is considered as being more sought after as the Dynamic Equivalence way of translation. Some scholars have come to believe that all hermeneutic theories have not been adequately dealt with by the authors. Since one of the authors is said to be an associate of the Assemblies of God Church, he has made some critics to point that the hermeneutics have been presented in his style. There have been several allegations of the flow of content being difficult while the style of writing has not been up to the mark. How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth guides the reader in a way that he or she can handle the Scripture in a better way, and teaches how misinterpretations can be avoided by using the context properly. The entire book emphasizes the importance of holistic reading of passages as per the over all substance of Scripture. Quirky doctrines and bad exegesis are the result of instances when passage and biblical statements are taken out from the theological, historical or cultural contexts and focused on aspects that are away from the whole of the revelation. In this context the introduction in the books has aptly explained that, The aim of good interpretation is not uniqueness; one is not trying to discover what no one else has ever seen before. Interpretation that aims at, or thrives on, uniqueness can usually be attributed to pride (an attempt to ‘out clever’ the rest of the world), a false understanding of spirituality (wherein the Bible is full of deeply buried truths waiting to be mined by the spiritually sensitive person with special insight), or vested interests (the need to support a theological bias, especially dealing with texts that seem to go against that bias). It is realized that the authors have made powerful points when one tries to understand the historic tests of the Old and New Testaments. They firstly make a case in favour of reading these books in order to see the activities of God in the matters pertaining to His Church and Israel. Hence these books are better understood if they are divided into separate sections that should be read as a successive account of deliverance history. Additionally the authors have warned that the passages should not be decontextualized and allegorized since such actions become tempting while reading historical narratives which do not appear to have much spiritual and theological importance. Significant points have been made by the authors in enhancing the awareness of the gospels. It is initially affirmed that some knowledge of the historical texts is important and crucial and that one is at a disadvantage if he or she is not conversant with Mediterranean culture of the 1st century. Secondly, it helps to read accounts of similar gospels and understand the minor differences which can enhance the understanding in regard to the audiences that the gospels intend to address and the kind of message that the authors are aiming to convey in those instances. It is established in the entire book that, as a rule, one must think and read in paragraph form to make the best and most meaningful use of the books. The treatment of the legal books of Hebrews is very impressive. The authors make a strong point that the given laws were specified for Israel in order to make them get benefits by understanding and applying them to the Israeli people. This point is considered valid by the authors but they also point out that there needs to be a precise way of teaching that the law did not emphasize upon. Moreover, the New Testament is no longer binding on the people today and is not considered by the authors as a strong argument. The laws that condemned rape, incest, homosexuality and bestiality were not specifically stated by Jesus, but they are believed to be true and applicable today also. The book is concluded in dealing with revelation, wisdom literature and psalms. However there is nothing new or revolutionary in these narrations which include strong and sound advice in regard to some negligible points of contention. Although the book cannot be considered exhaustive as a guide it is undoubtedly the best in enabling the understanding and reading of the Scripture. In essence, the book has aptly demonstrated how the Bible should be read theologically through the eyes of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ instead of the overtly idealistic and literalistic methods. Bible reading is revealed as being not only informative but also resulting in the positive transformation of human beings. Bibliography Fee Gordon D and Stuart Douglas, How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, 2003, Zondervan

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay Abstract The study focuses the marketing strategies adopt by the TESCO and its comparison with other manufacturing, business and non-profit organizations. It also looks into linkages between the operations at these organizations and their marketing strategy. It shows that in current ever-changing and challenging market companies with different background have to adopt different marketing strategy to get the advantage over competitors. These companies and organizations have to link their operations with that marketing strategy so that they could meet with the maximum customer satisfaction. TESCO has a competitive advantage over its rivals in retail market as its adopting diverse strategies in operation as well as in marketing. TESCO is utilizing modern technology effectively. Introduction Marketing is a way to introduce your product to your targeted customers in any market. Todays business world demands every business to adopt a workable marketing strategy so that they could achieve competitive advantages over their rivals and could generate higher sales and profits successfully. There are different ways adopted by all the companies to maximize their reach in markets. This marketing strategy should be aggressive and effective. In this assignment we are going to study the approaches adopted by the TESCO which is one of leading retailer in United Kingdom. We will also study the difference of approaches adopted by TESCO comparing to the other manufacturing companies, service and non-profit organizations. The assignment will answer following four questions parted into three tasks, which are given below:- Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. The focus of this study will be to understand the concept of marketing in general with focusing on the strategy and activities adopted by the TESCO. It will also help us in understanding the differences of marketing strategies adopted by different kinds of business and organizations like manufacturing, services and non-profits. 1.1 Background Founder of TESCO Jack Cohen, has started this business when he started to sell groceries in East London in 1919. The first days profit was 1 Pound. The business could lead him to sell his first product in his own brand name of Tesco in 1924. This name has come from the two first letters of TE Stockwell, and Co from surname of Jack. In those early days, Jack Cohen had a partner in firm of tea as a supplier, TE Stockwell. In 1929, Cohen could open his first store in Burnt Oak, Edgware in north of London. Tesco has become plc in 1932. A specified land has been bought in north of London at Angel Road, Edmonton for building a new headquarters and warehouse in 1934. (www.tescocorporate.com) Annual sales on Tesco touched landmark of one billion Pound in the year 1979. It exceeded to two billion Pound in the year of 1982. Same year for first time Tesco put some computerize checkouts in its stores. In the year 1985, Tesco became the first grocery retailer which started emphasizing on nutritional value of its brand products through an initiative named as Healthy Eating. In 1991 it became the biggest independent petrol retail seller in Britain. Next year it launched more new products and services which included Tesco Organic range, computers for schools and Every little Helps. Tesco has expanded its market on year, 1988 and 1999. Tesco improved customer service through lunching Customer Champions policy in stores; it became leader in organic retailer for the UK market. Tesco went to South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. But later Tesco exited the Taiwanese market and it shifted to Czech Republic in 2005. Adopting the diversification strategy, a store under name of Tesco Homeplus was launched in 2005. In 2009 club cards re-lunched in the UK with a big investment of 150. Figure 1 shows Tesco around the world Website Tesco.com is the worlds most active online supermarket and in year 2009 the group had sales of more than  £577 million, with increase of 29% on year 2008. Tesco online widely operates with over 270 stores around the UK, covering 96% of the online retail market. Estimated more than one million households nationwide using the online service, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Anon (2004) 1.2 What is marketing? Marketing is the systematic approach of selling goods, adopted by any business and not for-profit organization with a specific message. It always attempts to raise the organization ability to generate profits, whether these are financial (profits and donations) or electoral. Tescos strategy is very clear, with the growth as target from four areas the core UK business of grocery, non-foods, international retailing services and expansion other services such as financial, the dotcom and telecommunication. 2 Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. 2.1 TESCOs Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy involves analyzing the market, and determining which product to offer and the exact what range of the customers to be suited, considerations relating to fashion, seasons ,sizing, as well as the appropriateness. Tesco decide that there will be a specific core European range of environmentally friendly products which are exported throughout the Europe, while there would be another range for local customers. However before any decisions are made about marketing strategy, a detailed market research is undertaken to test the concept of the new range, the pricing, attitudes towards Tesco, the new Alliance with partners, purchasing habits of the customers. TESCO adopts campaigns for marketing the business, such a campaign would consisting of TV and radio advertising at regular intervals. Advertisements in news papers and magazines. The alliance partner making press releases and sharing about their ventures on their national and regional media benefits Tesco. Company benefits in creating thousands of new jobs. The introduction of an environmentally friendly of products. Billboard campaigns. Internet advertisement. Direct marketing to known customers (Club cards) Tesco has a successful history since years of its start. Today, Tesco Plc is a successful retailer in the United Kingdom. Tesco has put some series of practical marketing strategies. According to Ansoff matrix strategy, Tesco could develop its markets and products in the UK market, and ultimately with diversification strategy has got in front of other rivals. Ansoff, I. (1989), by applying these different strategies, Tesco successfully got its competitive advantages over it other rivals. In the UK, the groceries market has been among the major businesses. Now Tesco is also securing the large market shares in this ever-changing global retailer market. Figure 2 shows that the strategies might be applied by Tesco regarding to Ansoff matrix and vertical integration has been successful. 2.2 Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. TESCO has a very successful business history on its record, today it is most successful retailer in the United Kingdom. The position of Tesco among other rivals in UK shows that company successfully applied its designed marketing strategies. As a growing retailer, TESCO could easily take over from its other rivals and could be on a distinctive advantage over the top hundred profitable businesses in UK. Tesco has applied some series of experiential marketing ways. Market incursion, Product improvement, Market progress and Diversification are the strategies through Tesco have put influence and it is remaining on top in the market. By applying effective strategies, Tesco has successfully got its competitive advantage among other retailers. 2.2.1 Market Penetration strategy In order to achieve success, Tesco has a three way strategy. First, Tesco always takes customers from other competitors like ASDA, Sainsburys, Morison and Somerfield, etc. Second, by providing the quality product and higher level of services, Tesco could attract and keep more customers, where these Tescos customers feel that Tesco is the best service provider. This situation makes the distinction among Tesco and other competitors. Third, attracting to more non-users of products and services to some business, by using of advertising and promotion or other marketing strategies, these would be capable policies (Ansoff, 1989, Lynch, 2003). According to Lynch, Marketing Penetration strategy is very important for Tesco because retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new one. (Lynch, 2003). For example, Tescos international expansion strategy has responded to meet the maximum needs of customers. it is sensitive to local expectations in other countries, by entering into joint ventures with local partners, such as Samsung Group in South Korea (Samsung-Tesco Home plus), and Charoen Pokphand in Thailand (Tesco Lotus), appointing a very high proportion of local personnel to management positions. (Tesco Preliminary Results 2006) Tesco is accessing to the lowest cost materials for supply and efficient production to influence the retail market. By recognition of low cost supplier, it is a privilege for Tesco to offer goods and services to its customers benefitting at cheaper prices in the town. Tesco Having good experience of dealing with larger size and diversity of the customers and customers satisfaction that is necessary for Tesco as a retailer to retain it in the market. TESCO successfully has created its Brand loyalty. Tesco operates as Internet system provider (ISP), its now in mobile phone and home phone business, and Volp businesses. Tesco in joint venture with O2 could build up diversification in telecommunication and it could increase it businesses in voice over internet with Freshtel Australia. It developing a success slogan of The right message To the right audience At the right time 2.2.2 Marketing and Sales Loyalty programs for example Tesco Clubcard are available through information technology advances that discourage the customers from switching over to their rivals. Tesco also has introduced a Greener Living Scheme to give consumers guidance on environmental issues, like how to reduce food waste and food carbon marks when one is preparing meals. 2.2.3 Services Tesco has been adopting a dual policy of cost leadership and diversification, which led to importance placed over the customer service.   Drawing upon this dual strategy is exhibited through the development of self-service kiosks, financial services, focused direct marketing and promotions. The relative analysis of the value created by the big four supermarket chains, i.e., Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons has been provided. (Keynote (2010), 3 Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. 3.1 Place of Information system and Technologies Information system is modern day business tool which helps businesses to communicate internally and externally with effectiveness. It also includes the use of current advanced technologies. Any business which gets starts these days required to adopt proper and effective information systems that connects not only the all internal parts of business but connects business with its markets. The use of new technologies gives a company advantage over its rivals. The main question always remains for managers how they effectively utilize existing information systems and technologies. According to its website, Tesco maintains business relationships with approximately 2,000 own-brand primary suppliers from less than a hundred countries. (www.tescocorporate.com)The current achievement of Tesco could be supportive of their claim that Tesco logistics management strategy always helps to gain its competitive advantage. Tesco respects to the UK Governments statutory Supplier Code of Practice, and it holds strict execution on moral trading and commercial policies, and other conducts of ethical trading like training to all commercial staff. Superior effectiveness of the computer-controlled logistics schemes is seen in Tesco (Fernie and McKinnon 2003). its e-tailing is a key marketing and sales activity, placing grocery order over the website that operate in highly automated central warehouses and automated logistics is more competent as to judge against with other groceries in the market. Tesco looking for strengthen its relationship with suppliers and to increase market share based on the characteristics of services (e.g., intangibility, heterogeneity, simultaneity, and perish ability). (Thompson and Strickland 2003) Various Marketing and Communication Means Adopted by TESCO to build this relationship more effective and profit based. These means included following methods of communication:- Mail Television Radio/Digital Radio Website   Email Telephone On floors at stores TESCO effectively get benefits from modern technology from security purposes like alarm systems, mechanical doors, self scanning machines for customers (which saves their time from being into large lines for payments) towards other advanced like CCTV. There is swift transporting system within stores to supply from warehouse at store. In a swiftly shifting business environment with high pressure from its competitors Tesco have adopted new expansion strategies and diversified the present order to sustain its market position as leader in retailing market. In light of the above analysis, it can easily be concluded that Tesco is holding its leadership position successfully within the highly unstable retail market, where all companies are required to follow both cost leadership and diversification strategies. Tesco successfully has been able to realize both with the help of a lean and agile supply chain management, effective marketing strategy along with the better use of information technology and new developed systems. 4 Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. 4.1 linkages between marketing and operations In organizations and businesses, when a new manager starts its business plan or operational plan for the first time he wonders about: What is the real aim? What am I going to achieve? What is my marketing strategy? He can answer all these questions according to the nature of company or organization. He focuses the aims and targets through a working plan and supports that plan with an effective workable marking strategy that makes the organization or company very prominent in the market.The main objective of marketing is to bring development in the business or services and to get the attention of beneficiaries or consumers. Various businesses and organizations adopt different marketing techniques according to their needs. For example if we see a tight linkage between marketing and manufacturing it tells that a manufacturing company always looks for the value-added opportunities. It ensures with the aim of the right manufacturing capabilities are existing to meet up the requirements of customers. It also focuses that near- and long-term demands has been put in to the formation of manufacturing plans, inventory strategies and material handlings. Essentially manufacturing strategy should be aligned with marketing strategy. It should be developed in manner that improves the viable capability of the organization. In addition simple inter-functional co-ordination, manufacturing and marketing strategy decisions must be united and linked to the company strategy. In their empirical study of new firms, conclude that the synergy between marketing and manufacturing strategy decisions is more closely related to business success than either marketing or manufacturing decisions alone. In businesses or non-profit organizations share holder progress is not the main purpose, return on investment is less of an adding resource in business planning, however a vital necessity. Here return on investment is not primary motive of the business. Instead the main motive of enterprise may be some other purpose. Thus, the main difference between marketing products or services is that there is much more personal contact required when marketing a service as compared with marketing products. Marketing services may require meeting the customer in a face-to-face basis, or it may mean contacting prospective customers over the telephone. For all those firms which always emphasize product qualities those are not taking serious about the significant correlations with the marketing strategy. While firms which emphasized cutback in costs, they always focus on improving the sales. Firms which put greater emphasis on the product design effort those emphasize three marketing strategy factors: a change in the product line improves sales effort, and helps in new market development. This relationship seems rational, as the focus on product design and its development will lead to opportunity in new markets or for new customers. All those activities which affect the flow of goods and services from producers or service deliverer to the users or consumers are part of marketing. While in advanced industrial economies like UK, marketing strategies play a main role in formatting corporate policy. Once concerned with rising sales through marketing and other promotional techniques, corporate or organization marketing departments these days focus on product development, credit policies, distribution, customer support, and internal communications. Different organizations or business adopt different methods for marketing and connect the marketing and operations to maximise their output. The aim is same to get maximum attention from customers or beneficiaries. 5 Conclusion There are more than six billion humans who are living in this global market which is always inviting business and organizations to sell their product, services or make them benefited from some social and developmental work. It is estimated that there are 900 million PCs worldwide. 44% of UK adults use SMS text messaging on a daily basis, compared with 36% who use the Internet. 63% of Americans are not willing to lend their phone and there are 1.3 billion Internet users, 1.5 billion TV households, 3.3 billion mobile subscribers, Average time to report a lost wallet 26 hours and average time to report a lost mobile, 68 minutes. That shows the competition and challenges for companies to adopt workable marketing strategy for companies and organizations. Tesco is quite able to recognize technological changes and infrastructure particularly on its e-tailing business. Aside from Tescos use of internet as major technological infrastructure, changes are to be anticipated or the management should be able to deal with the rapid changes in technologies. Tesco is required to improve technological infrastructures through innovations to increase efficiency as well as quality of the products and services. All in all, Tescos senior executives who think about how to establish and sustain competitive advantage using logistics strategy should consider how to tailor their own logistics. To do so, they will need a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of good logistics as well as exploring new logistics capabilities. A strategic model to enable Tesco to obtain its objectives and to sustain competitive advantages in the markets. In USA Tesco cannot enter to this market and compete with the strongest retailer such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has completely covered all the United State markets and there are not any chances for other rivals to enter to the market.

Gender Roles :: Informative

As boys grow into men, many struggle with what makes real men. This struggle often dramatically changes the young person. This struggle is greatly exacerbated by the media’s portrayal of men. Gretel Ehrlich’s â€Å"About Men† deals with the stereotypical image of men and what real men are like. Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† shows a young man who feels so derided by everyone thinking of him as a boy that he buys a gun to make himself more powerful. Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers who all have different methods of coping with their own emotions at the death of a comrade. The media, Hollywood being one of the main culprits, often depicts true men as being tall, dark, and physically strong. They don’t feel pain and are able to fight, either with their hands or weapons. They are often emotionally hardened, not showing tenderness. The media presents men as â€Å"macho, [and] trigger happy.† (Ehrlich 127). This presents serious problems for young boys who are starting to mature into men. Young men are often told to be tough and to man up. Many boys are taught that crying is for girls and are called cry-babies if they do cry. This is incredibly hard on young guys who compare themselves to men like Sylvester Stallone or Arnold Schwarzenegger and see absolutely no resemblance. These boys are often troubled by a growing insecurity from contrasting themselves to the unrealistic image of men. The insecurity spawned by this idolatry of the machismo can lead young guys to resort to drastic measures in order to be recognized as men. In â€Å"The Man Who was Almost a Man,† Dave Sunders, a seventeen-year-old African-American in the years after the Civil War, says that â€Å"he was going to get a gun and practice shooting, then they couldn’t talk to him as though he were a little boy† (Wright 144). He later reasons that â€Å"He could kill a man with a gun like this†¦ A nd if he were holding his gun in his hand, nobody could run over him; they would have to respect him.†(Wright 148). Dave finally shoots a donkey that will take him two years to pay for, so he runs away from his home and his responsibility (Wright 154). For him, as for many youth today, the desire to be deemed manly leads to many poor choices.

Hysteria :: essays papers

Hysteria In 1692, in Salem Massachusetts, the superstition of witches existed. In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, a group of young girls act up and are then accused of being witches. These girls then blame other people in order to get out of trouble and even pretend to be "bewitched" in front of the court during a trial. This leads into the deaths of some innocent people who were accused found guilty. The leader of the group is Abigail, who is in love with John Proctor. Many situations in the poem can still be found in modern examples. It can be compared to an article about protecting children from social workers who want to have the children removed from their home just because their parents didn’t get them a vaccination. They both involve isolation from different believes, innocent are accused of a crime, and people refuse to go against their beliefs. The Puritan society was led by a church that promoted isolation from any other group of people with different beliefs. The church was against dancing, singing and chanting as related to devil-worship. It was a time of anxiety and skepticism. After the girls in the village were caught dancing in the woods and one of them falls sick, rumors circulated about witchcraft going on in the woods, and that the sick girl has been bewitched. Once the girls talk to each other, they become more and more frightened as being accused as witches, so Abigail, the main character and the principle accuser, starts accusing others of practicing witchcraft to save her friends. It results in the hanging of many innocent people. The parents of the children in the article distinct believe that it is safer if their children aren’t vaccinated for tetanus. So when the children do get tetanus the social workers try to take the children away. This is like punishment for the parents who are totally innocent. All they wanted to was keep their children healthy. Both the group of girls and the social workers, who have done wrong, get no punishment. The Judges and preachers try to get the people the girls accused of being witches to confess to being witches so they can have mercy on them. Most of them will not do this. They stick to telling the truth about really not being witches until the death. The parents of the children also stick to what they believe is best.

Evil in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

Evil in Things Fall Apart Throughout the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader feels evil. Evil is a concept that is hard to define. The dictionary defines it as " morally bad; wicked" (Funk & Wagnalls 220). But is the definition of evil really as simple as that? Many would say that there is more to defining evil than just a few words. Evil can also be defined by a culture. If one were to study various cultures around the world, he or she would discover that each culture has a different way of defining evil. Even world politics sometimes plays a role in defining evil. But one's personal definition seems to have the most impact on what one thinks is evil. Theology has played a strong role in defining evil for thousands of years. The Bible teaches Christians that Satan is evil, and not to follow his teachings. Evil as a concept in Christianity developed in the third and fourth centuries. During that time, St. Augustine determined that "Evil is the privation, or absence, of good, as darkness is the absence of light." (Funk&Wagnalls19) In modern times, theology has had a difficult time defending the existence of God in light of the many atrocities that have occurred in the last 100 years, such as the Holocaust, World War II, the Vietnam War, and the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo. As a result, theology is now having to redefine what evil is. Cultures and politics among cultures have a way of defining evil for their own inhabitants. The Europeans who visited the Ibo culture in Things Fall Apart viewed many of the customs that the natives practiced as evil or barbaric or primitive. The Ibo concept of the "Evil Forest" was one of them. It was something that each village had and "In it were buried all those who died of the really evil diseases, like leprosy and smallpox." (Achebe 148) Another belief held by the tribe in the novel is that if a woman has children, and each dies under "evil" circumstances, then she is under attack by an evil tormentor. The remedy to this problem is to " Let her not sleep in her hut. Let her go and stay with her people. In that way she will elude her wicked tormentor and break its evil cycle of birth and death" (Achebe 77).

Knowledge Of Biomechanical Restrictions Ankle Health And Social Care Essay

The knee bend is a often used exercising in the strength and conditioning community and is regarded as an first-class manner to develop the lower limb muscular structure. This is in no little portion down to the biomechanical and neuromuscular similarities that the knee bend exercising has in relation to many athletic motions ( Escamilla et al. , 2001 ) . The knee bend is besides used in many rehabilitation protocols as it is a closed kinetic concatenation exercising ( Escamilla et al. , 1998 ; Stuart, Meglan, Lutz, Growney, & A ; An, 1996 ) where the distal section is fixed ( Yack, Collins, & A ; Whieldon, 1993 ) . The knee bend is besides a mention point for most strength and conditioning managers when measuring maximum lower limb strength and this is besides the instance in competitory power-lifting and weightlifting ( Escamilla, Fleisig, Lowry, Barrentine, & A ; Andrews, 2001 ) . Squat preparation has been shown to correlate strongly with improved sprinting, perpendicular leap an d other athletic abilities ( Wisloff, Castagna, Helgerud, Jones, & A ; Hoff, 2004 ; CHELLY et al. , 2009 ) and so strength and conditioning managers would be wise to proliferate good motion in this exercising. It is non merely in athletic preparation that the knee bend should be regarded as of import but besides in mundane life because the specificity of the crouching motion to undertakings such as picking up immature kids and bundles is innately similar, as are infinite other avocations and undertakings ( Schonefield, 2010 ) intending the ability to crouch allows people to retain functional independency in life. During chunky public presentation the mortise joint articulation contributes considerable support and helps to bring forth the important degrees of power required for this motion ( Hung & A ; Gross, 1999 ) . Besides failing or instability at the mortise joint has antecedently been implicated in the generation of defective motion forms during the knee bend happening specifically that failing of the gastrocnemius, tibialis front tooth or buttocks may increase likeliness of both foot pronation gesture and so diminishing the ability to command articulatio genus valgus ( Bell, Padua, & A ; Clark, 2008 ) . However it was noted by Schonefield ( 2010 ) that the degree of kinematic informations on the mortise joint articulation and its importance to the crouching motion is scarce. Most writers have decided to concentrate their attendings on the biomechanics of the spinal column, hip or articulatio genus composite during crouching undertakings ( Schonefield, 2010 ) and so some recommendations will be made within this paper for future research. The incidence of ankle hurt in athletics is highest in tribunal and squad athleticss such as rugger, football, hoops and volleyball ( Fong, 2007 ) . A systematic reappraisal paper by Fong ( 2007 ) looked at 227 surveies that had detailed ankle hurt rates across 70 different athleticss over a 28 twelvemonth period and found that in athleticss hurts the mortise joint was the 2nd most injured organic structure site after the articulatio genus ( Fong, 2007 ) . The chief constituents that encompass the mortise joint are the superior tibiofibular articulation and the talo-crural articulation. The superior tibiofibular articulation ( STFJ ) is prone to locking when it is working as portion of a kinetic concatenation and this can take to stop scope restrictions of talocrural dorsiflexion ( Phelps, James, & A ; Matthijs, 2003 ) . The talo-crural articulation ( appendix 1 ) which passively dorsiflexes up to 30Â ° and plantar flexes up to 50Â ° is made up of the talar dome resting on the roof of the mortice, which is junction of the shinbone, calf bone and median and sidelong malleoli. Talocrural dorsiflexion is seen as normal between 11Â ° and 25 Â ° and inflexible between 4.3Â ° and 11.2Â ° ( mention this please ) . The mortise joint composite besides has a huge web of back uping ligaments and sinews and in entire the mortise joint and pes contains 26 castanetss. In order to crouch the metatarsals will dorsiflex and kidnap as the mortise joint goes into dorsiflexion and so follows subtalar joint abduction doing calcaneal eversion which leads to internal rotary motion of the shinbone and thighbone making knee flexure and therefore motion in the sagittal plane. The flexibleness of the calf musculus composite will restrict the sum of dorsiflexion attained, which in bend bounds the remainder of the concatenation or causes compensations someplace else. The induction of a squatting motion is thought to happen from a muscular response that initiate hip and knee flexure along with ankle dorsiflexion to interrupt unsloped position ( Dionisio, Almeida, Duarte, & A ; Hirata, 2008 ) . At this point an automatic response of the tibialis anterior additions ankle joint dorsiflexion torsion and disrupts the postural equilibrium ( Cheron, Bengoetxea, Pozzo, Bourgeois, & A ; Draye, 1997 ) . At this point moderate gastrocnemius activity has been observed appare ntly to command the degree of dorsiflexion at the mortise joint ( Dahlkvist, Mayo, & A ; Seedhom, 1982 ; Escamilla et al. , 2001 ; Escamilla et al. , 1998 ) contending the theory that the musculus is eccentrically controlling dorsiflexion. This theory nevertheless may non keep true due to the fact that the gastrocnemius is a biarticular musculus and may so shorten at the articulatio genus whilst lengthening at the mortise joint and frailty versa for the ascent stage ( Escamilla, 2001 ) . Indeed gastrocnemius activity has been found to be comparatively low in crouching motions and is highest at near to top out knee flexure ( Donnelly, Berg, & A ; Fiske, 2006 ) which correlates with the fact that the gastrocnemius force arm extremum at this point ( Escamilla et al. , 2001 ) . Ankle angular speeds have been seen to be reasonably low and rather changeless throughout both the acclivity and descent stages of the knee bend ( Escamilla et al. , 2001 ) . Stance is an of import factor in crouching public presentation and muscular enlisting forms and no clear victor has been found in the race to domination with foot place even in the powerlifting universe. Escamilla et Al ( 2001 ) examined how 3 differing stances affected joint minute and angular speeds utilizing a 3 dimensional biomechanical analysis but besides comparing against a 2-D theoretical account, happening important differences in wider stances. This was interesting because the ankle joint minutes and section angles calculated in old 2-D literature were based on utilizing a individual camera to therefore position the joint moving in merely the sagittal plane which can merely go on when the pess point forwards and so as the stance breadth increased so would the degrees of erroneous informations biomechanically from the mortise joint articulation ( Escamilla et al. , 2001 ) presuming topics have to turn their pess out. Potentially this means unless the stance was standardized to insulate sagittal motion in all literature so it is extremely likely to be inaccurate. The motion of the articulatio genuss relative to the mortise joints in the z-axis was besides studied in the Escamilla et Al ( 2001 ) paper and they found that the articulatio genuss translated frontward over the pess 21.7 AÂ ± 4.4 centimeter during the narrow stance, 18.0 AÂ ± 2.6 centimeter during the medium stance, and 16.0 AÂ ± 4.6 centimeter during the broad stance. It has been antecedently reported that increased frontward motion of the articulatio genuss during crouching causes shearing forces at the articulatio genus ( Ariel, 1974 ) . This besides highlights the importance of ankle dorsiflexion scope of gesture during crouching motions when using a broad or average stance, which was categorized by Escamilla et Al ( 2001 ) as 121-153 % shoulder width apart ( set broad stance breadth in! ) . In this survey the most important differences in joint minutes and minute weaponries were seen at the mortise joint articulation ( Escamilla et al. , 2001 ) and unsurprisingly the greatest differences occurred between the narrow and broad stances ( appendix 2 ) . The greatest mortise joint articulation minutes were seen at maximal knee flexure ( Escamilla et al. , 2001 ) which was in line with old literature where gastrocnemius activity besides peaked at this point ( Isear, Erickson, & A ; Worrell, 1997 ) in all chance antagonizing the mortise joint minutes. A recent survey, albeit looking at quality of motion steps and the sidelong measure down test, saw that topics with inhibited public presentation in these trials had limited ankle dorsiflexion ( RABIN & A ; KOZOL, 2010 ) and so compensations are likely to be happening elsewhere. McLaughlin et Al ( 1977 ) have recommended maintaining the shinbone every bit perpendicular as possible to restrict the possible articulatio genus shearing forces in the knee bend ( McLaughlin, Dillman, & A ; Lardner, 1977 ) and so a later survey by Fry et Al ( 2003 ) compared kinetic belongingss when articulatio genus anterior motion was restricted. The 7 topics were weight trained work forces who had all squatted on a regular basis earlier and each performed 3 knee bends both impeded and unimpeded with consequences demoing important differences in both hip and articulatio genus torsions under restricted articulatio genus conditions. The restricted knee bend produced greater torsion values at the hip compared to the articulatio genus and besides showed a more inclined bole and trunk every bit good as a more perpendicular shinbone ( Fry, Smith, & A ; Schilling, 2003 ) . The limitation ( figure 1 ) so causes a alteration in the hip minute arm, which is a necessary compensation to let the Centre of mass to remain over the base of support, the pess. This inordinate forward tilt is hence necessary when there is a limitation in anterior knee motion and significantly has besides been noted as a common mistake for novice lifters executing the barbell knee bend exercising ( Chandler & A ; Stone, 1991 ) . It has been seen that less skilled homesteaders tended to tilt frontward more, therefore making greater bole torsions ( McLaughlin et al. , 1977 ) but it has besides been seen that lumbar spinal column shearing forces are significantly increased in lifters exposing a outstanding forward tilt ( Russell & A ; Phillips, 1989 ) . It can be moderately assumed that the big hip torsions seen when anterior articulatio genus motion is restricted are transferred to the lumbar spinal column making a possible hurt site and hapless biomechanical modeling. Surveies have antecedently shown that the experts in crouching have superior kinematics due to a more vertical bole, less horizo ntal hip supplanting and superior dynamicss through less bole torsions than less experient lifters ( McCaw & A ; Melrose, 1999 ; McLaughlin et al. , 1977 ) . One cause for restricted anterior articulatio genus motion in knee bend could be gastrocnemius equinus forestalling dorsiflexion and this is a wholly under researched country. It has been researched in spastic and neurologically impaired persons but non every bit much in non-spastic populations as a cause of limited dorsiflexion. This stringency causes an inability to dorsiflex through the tibiotalar articulation and can besides take to other symptoms of the bow and mid pes ( DiGiovanni et al. , 2002 ) . Heel rises have been used by jocks to help in the gym based motion such as knee bend and Olympic raising fluctuations. A diminution board is such a device and this puts lesser demands on the mortise joint in dorsiflexion compared to normal floor based knee bends ( Frohm, Halvorsen, & A ; Thorstensson, 2007 ) . This has been postulated as a method for the intervention of tendinopathies at the patellar but this is when utilizing bizarre motions ( Frohm et al. , 2007 ) to make maximal force at the articulatio genus and non for general knee bend. One possible drawback with heel rises is that the when utilizing a heel raise the pes becomes more plantarflexed coupled with calcaneal inversion. This means that during crouching when tibial internal rotary motion is required it is hard to achieve whilst the pes is somewhat inversed and as the shinbone is already in a somewhat externally rotated place. Tibial external rotary motion has been implicated as one of the causes of dynamic articulatio genus valgus in the knee bend exercising ( Bell et al. , 2008 ) which is regarded as a important hazard factor in anterior cruciate ligament showing ( Chaudhari & A ; Andriacchi, 2006 ; Hewett et al. , 2005 ) . The median supplanting of the articulatio genus ( MKD ) is thought to be influenced by specific strength or flexibleness shortages in muscular structure at the hip and mortise joint ( Hirth & A ; Padua, 2007 ) such as stringency of sidelong gastrocnemius, soleus and peroneals which may add to tibal abduction and external rotary motion ( Bell et al. , 2008 ) . Once once more though, the research detailing the existent comparative parts of the mortise joint and hip is non seen. This is one country where clinicians may make up one's mind to utilize a heel rise to distinguish the cause of MKD between hip muscular structure and lower limb muscular structure when MKD is seen when utilizing a heel rise under the calcaneous when bilaterally crouching ( Bell et al. , 2008 ) . A surve y by Bell et Al ( 2008 ) looked at the lower limb causes of MKD and found that topics with inordinate MKD had 20 % less inactive mortise joint dorsiflexion scope of gesture with a flexed articulatio genus ( Bell et al. , 2008 ) . It should be noted that the topics in this survey were non wholly from athletic or physically active backgrounds with a significantly greater proportion ( n=30, men=7, women=30 ) being adult females. The presence of an increased articulatio genus valgus when decreased mortise joint dorsiflexion scope of gesture is present facilitates the demand for farther survey into this country as a showing tool for ACL hurt bar ( Fong, Blackburn, Norcross, McGrath, & A ; Padua, 2011 ) . Outside of crouching forms, jocks with limited mortise joint dorsiflexion have been seen to incur much greater extremum landing forces after dropping or jumping ( Blackburn & A ; Padua, 2008 ; Devita & A ; Skelly, 1992 ) which is coupled with much less articulatio genus and hip supplanting. Reduced ankle dorsiflexion scope of gesture was besides associated with patellar sinew tendinopathies ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) in volleyball participants due to the resulting limited calf bizarre contraction ability ( Malliaras, Cook, & A ; Kent, 2006 ) . Another similar status to patellar tendinopathy that has been implicated with limited mortise joint dorsiflexion is Morbud Osgood Schlatters ( MOS ) in athleticss active kids. This status is caused by grip apophysitis of the tibial tubercle caused by insistent strain and chronic avulsion of the secondary ossification Centre of the tibial tubercle ( EHRENBORG, 1962 ) although the exact description and causing is still debated. This insistent pulling gest ure comes from the quadriceps musculus during featuring activities ( Sarcevic, 2008 ) . Sarcevic ( 2008 ) theorized that limited mortise joint dorsiflexion caused compensatory actions such as increased articulatio genus flexure, tibial internal rotary motion and foot pronation during the stance stage of running ( Sarcevic, 2008 ) . In this paper 42 of the 45 topics had a dorsiflexion angle of less than 10Â ° and besides had clinical diagnosing of MOS. This is simply a theory though and farther research should concentrate on using a control group to compare and therefore make causal relationships. The importance of ankle dorsiflexion scope of gesture is non merely critical for crouching motions and set downing but besides for the bar of by and large enfeebling conditions such as plantarfasciitis. Plantarfasciitis is comparatively common in physically active and athletic populations ( Kibler, Goldberg, & A ; Chandler, 1991 ) and is by and large seen as redness of the facia on the sole of the pes giving anterior heel hurting. It has been seen that when ankle dorsiflexion is limited, inordinate pronation of the pes will happen to counterbalance, thereby increasing tensile tonss on the plantar aponeurosis ( Kibler et al. , 1991 ; WRIGHT & A ; RENNELS, 1964 ) . The hazard of plantartfasciitis additions as the scope of dorsiflexion lessenings and providentially those who spend a longer sum of clip on their pess are once more at a greater hazard ( Riddle, Pulisic, Pidcoe, & A ; Johnson, 2003 ) . One of the causes of a limited dorsiflexion may be the inability of the shinbone to posterior glide decently on the flexible joint like scree ( Denegar & A ; Miller, III, 2002 ) . Lots of research is available that highlights the effectivity of anterior to posterior mobilizations of the scree on the shinbone to increase ankle dorsiflexion scope of gesture ( Landrum, Kelln, Parente, Ingersoll, & A ; Hertel, 2008 ; van der Wees et al. , 2006 ; Vicenzino, Branjerdporn, Teys, & A ; Jordan, 2006 ) . This research was by and large performed on topics with chronic mortise joint sprain and or, instability. One of the theories postulated for the effectivity of the front tooth to posterior mobilization technique is the theory of the lockup of the scree, whereby the scree is subluxated anteriorly on the shinbone ( Mulligan B R. , 1999 ) and even though there is small published quantifiable grounds of this theory it is worthwhile cognition for the strength and conditioning manager who identifies a dorsiflexion restriction. In another paper topics who suffered recurrent mortise joint sprains and were so diagnosed with chronic mortise joint instability ( CAI ) had significantly less dorsiflexion compared to a control group when jogging ( Drewes, McKeon, Casey Kerrigan, & A ; Hertel, 2009 ) . This shortage was so postulated as a important hazard factor in jocks with CAI with recommendations to see a clinician proposed ( Drewes et al. , 2009 ) . It should besides be noted that during this survey used a 10 camera gesture analysis system intending a 3-D analysis was undertaken on topics.

Autism and Social Skills Essay

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that ranges from mild to severe impairments in communication, social interaction, and repetitive pattern of interest. Children with autism need early social skills support to develop their social interactions and understanding. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and socialization among young children and adolescence is one of the major impairments, along with language individuals have. Social skills groups are prearranged groups with, a direct goal orientated to engage young children and adolescences with the appropriate support, in the development of social skills. Social skills groups for young children and adolescences can be a viable tool, in helping children with ASD to learn how to socialize appropriately. The Socialization of young children with a diagnosis of ASD has shown some positive results. This pilot study was conducted in response to the heightened awareness and the need for young children with ASD to learn social skills. The parents of autistic children, the children that have a diagnosis of ASD and the facilitators of the groups, will engage the children in social sessions, in hopes to build social relationships. The parents will fill out questionnaires as to the progress they see their children making. This pilot study sets out to answer the following two questions. Is participation in a social skills group beneficial for young children / adolescence with ASD from the child’s, Parents and the facilitator’s perspectives? The second question posed was, is there any improvement in the autistic child’s ability to communicate or interrelate socially. Methodology Based on a review of literature on Autism, a psychologist and a clinical psychologist planed a structured 5-week program, for one-hour sessions, one day a week. Only children with a diagnosis of ASD were invited. The children’s ages ranged from seven to 18. Using the qualitative method, the parental focus group was used to gather data and answer two research questions. Each parent received three questionnaires developed for the purpose of this evaluation. One was a pre- questionnaire, to be completed at the beginning of the groups, the post questionnaire, at the end of groups, and a review questionnaire, to be completed six months following the social skills groups. The questionnaires were used for the parents to rate their child’s current level of difficulties. Results and Discussions The high cost of one on one therapy for autistic children has become too high for caregivers and the need for alternative approaches was necessary. Evidence suggested that social skills groups for autistic children would be an alternative Dunlop, Knott and Mackay (2000). The information gathered from parent questionnaires and through observations from the facilitators and the higher functioning adolescents with ASD showed there was a need for social skills programs. Some parents felt their children benefitted and others seen no change. The feedback was very positive and most of the participants would like the social skills groups to continue. There were several areas identified within the program that needs fine-tuning such as, smaller groups, the level or severity of ASD the children have, longer duration of sessions without summer breaks and addressing how to manage the challenging behaviors some of the autistic children displayed, which prevented them from engaging socially within the groups. There was no time for one on one interaction, to encourage those children that did not socialize during the five-week program. The facilitators observed this and felt that it was an important issue to address along with the other recommendations above, when planning social skills programs. I choose this article because I am a parent of an autistic child and I am always looking for new treatment methods. I like to stay informed of all the new research on autism to share with my son. I think there is a need to socialize all persons with autism and the ideal of social skills groups cannot hurt; it can enhance the quality of life for the autistic child.